Glottalized affricates: tth’, ts’, tl’, ch’
tth’
We use tth’ to represent the glottalized version of tth. Listen to the words and repeat them after Delores Louie says them.
‘please’ | |
‘woodpecker’ | |
‘spring salmon’ | |
‘purple’ | |
‘seven’ | |
‘to pry it’ | |
‘to shine a light on it’ | |
‘nail’ | |
‘to wash it’ | |
‘to wipe it’ |
ts’
The letter ts’ stands for a glottalized ts. You can think of it as a sequence of t + s, only glottalized.
‘to thank him/her’ | |
‘comb’ | |
‘to fill it’ |
Quiz: Listening Practice – ts and ts’
Quiz-summary
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Listen, then fill in the missing sounds.
This quiz is composed of 13 fill-in-the-blank questions. Determine if the word is completed by a ts or ts’.
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Question 1 of 13
1. Question
Listening Exercise
Listen, then determine if the word is written with a ts or ts’. Write your answer in the blank space to complete the word.
- s (ts)eelhtun
Correct
stseelhtun is correct!
Meaning: “salmon”
Incorrect
Correct answer: stseelhtun
Meaning: “salmon”
-
Question 2 of 13
2. Question
Listening Exercise
Listen, then determine if the word is written with a ts or ts’. Write your answer in the blank space to complete the word.
- (ts)elush
Correct
tselush is correct!
Meaning: “hand”
Incorrect
Correct answer: tselush
Meaning: “hand”
-
Question 3 of 13
3. Question
Listening Exercise
Listen, then determine if the word is written with a ts or ts’. Write your answer in the blank space to complete the word.
- te (ts)ul
Correct
tetsul is correct!
Meaning: “to get here”
Incorrect
Correct answer: tetsul
Meaning: “to get here”
-
Question 4 of 13
4. Question
Listening Exercise
Listen, then determine if the word is written with a ts or ts’. Write your answer in the blank space to complete the word.
- (ts)itsulh
Correct
tsitsulh is correct!
Meaning: “up above”
Incorrect
Correct answer: tsitsulh
Meaning: “up above”
-
Question 5 of 13
5. Question
Listening Exercise
Listen, then determine if the word is written with a ts or ts’. Write your answer in the blank space to complete the word.
- tsi (ts)ulh
Correct
tsitsulh is correct!
Meaning: “to go where?”
Incorrect
Correct answer: tsitsulh
Meaning: “to go where?”
-
Question 6 of 13
6. Question
Listening Exercise
Listen, then determine if the word is written with a ts or ts’. Write your answer in the blank space to complete the word.
- snux (ts)us
Correct
snuxtsus is correct!
Meaning: “finger”
Incorrect
Correct answer: snuxtsus
Meaning: “finger”
-
Question 7 of 13
7. Question
Listening Exercise
Listen, then determine if the word is written with a ts or ts’. Write your answer in the blank space to complete the word.
- lu (ts’, ts')ut
Correct
luts’ut is correct!
Meaning: “to fill it”
Incorrect
Correct answer: luts’ut
Meaning: “to fill it”
-
Question 8 of 13
8. Question
Listening Exercise
Listen, then determine if the word is written with a ts or ts’. Write your answer in the blank space to complete the word.
- ne (ts’, ts')
Correct
nets’ is correct!
Meaning: “to be different”
Incorrect
Correct answer: nets’
Meaning: “to be different”
-
Question 9 of 13
9. Question
Listening Exercise
Listen, then determine if the word is written with a ts or ts’. Write your answer in the blank space to complete the word.
- kw’ee (ts’, ts')
Correct
kw’eets’ is correct!
Meaning: “dogfish”
Incorrect
Correct answer: kw’eets’
Meaning: “dogfish”
-
Question 10 of 13
10. Question
Listening Exercise
Listen, then determine if the word is written with a ts or ts’. Write your answer in the blank space to complete the word.
- (ts’, ts')ewut
Correct
ts’ewut is correct!
Meaning: “to help him/her”
Incorrect
Correct answer: ts’ewut
Meaning: “to help him/her”
-
Question 11 of 13
11. Question
Listening Exercise
Listen, then determine if the word is written with a ts or ts’. Write your answer in the blank space to complete the word.
- lu (ts’, ts')luts’
Correct
luts’luts’ is correct!
Meaning: “high tide”
Incorrect
Correct answer: luts’luts’
Meaning: “high tide”
-
Question 12 of 13
12. Question
Listening Exercise
Listen, then determine if the word is written with a ts or ts’. Write your answer in the blank space to complete the word.
- shishu (ts’, ts')
Correct
shishuts’ is correct!
Meaning: “bushes”
Incorrect
Correct answer: shishuts’
Meaning: “bushes”
-
Question 13 of 13
13. Question
Listening Exercise
Listen, then determine if the word is written with a ts or ts’. Write your answer in the blank space to complete the word.
- (ts’, ts')usqun
Correct
ts’usqun is correct!
Meaning: “golden eagle”
Incorrect
Correct answer: ts’usqun
Meaning: “golden eagle”
Quiz: Listening Practice – tth’ and ts’
Quiz-summary
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Listen, then fill in the missing sounds.
This quiz is composed of 13 fill-in-the-blank questions. Determine if the word is completed by a tth’ or ts’.
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Question 1 of 13
1. Question
Listening Exercise
Listen, then determine if the word is written with a tth’ or ts’. Write your answer in the blank space to complete the word.
- he (tth’, tth')um
Correct
hetth’um is correct!
Meaning: “to breathe”
Incorrect
Correct answer: hetth’um
Meaning: “to breathe”
-
Question 2 of 13
2. Question
Listening Exercise
Listen, then determine if the word is written with a tth’ or ts’. Write your answer in the blank space to complete the word.
- (ts’, ts')tem
Correct
ts’tem is correct!
Meaning: “to crawl”
Incorrect
Answer: ts’tem
Meaning: “to crawl”
-
Question 3 of 13
3. Question
Listening Exercise
Listen, then determine if the word is written with a thh’ or ts’. Write your answer in the blank space to complete the word.
- ne (ts’, ts')
Correct
nets’ is correct!
Meaning: “to be different”
Incorrect
Correct answer: nets’
Meaning: “to be different”
-
Question 4 of 13
4. Question
Listening Exercise
Listen, then determine if the word is written with a tth’ or ts’. Write your answer in the blank space to complete the word.
- shishu (ts’, ts')
Correct
shishuts’ is correct!
Meaning: “bushes”
Incorrect
Correct answer: shishuts’
Meaning: “bushes”
-
Question 5 of 13
5. Question
Listening Exercise
Listen, then determine if the word is written with a tth’ or ts’. Write your answer in the blank space to complete the word.
- (ts’, ts')usqun
Correct
ts’usqun is correct!
Meaning: “golden eagle”
Incorrect
Correct answer: ts’usqun
Meaning: “golden eagle”
-
Question 6 of 13
6. Question
Listening Exercise
Listen, then determine if the word is written with a tth’ or ts’. Write your answer in the blank space to complete the word.
- ’i (tth’, tth')um
Correct
’itth’um is correct!
Meaning: “to put on clothes”
Incorrect
Correct answer: ’itth’um
Meaning: “to put on clothes”
-
Question 7 of 13
7. Question
Listening Exercise
Listen, then determine if the word is written with a tth’ or ts’. Write your answer in the blank space to complete the word.
- p’e (tth’, tth')ut
Correct
p’etth’ut is correct!
Meaning: “to sew it”
Incorrect
Correct answer: p’etth’ut
Meaning: “to sew it”
-
Question 8 of 13
8. Question
Listening Exercise
Listen, then determine if the word is written with a tth’ or ts’. Write your answer in the blank space to complete the word.
- lhi (ts’, ts')
Correct
lhits’ is correct!
Meaning: “to get cut”
Incorrect
Correct answer: lhits’
Meaning: “to get cut”
-
Question 9 of 13
9. Question
Listening Exercise
Listen, then determine if the word is written with a tth’ or ts’. Write your answer in the blank space to complete the word.
- s (tth’, tth')equn
Correct
stth’equn is correct!
Meaning: “cattail”
Incorrect
Correct answer: stth’equn
Meaning: “cattail”
-
Question 10 of 13
10. Question
Listening Exercise
Listen, then determine if the word is written with a tth’ or ts’. Write your answer in the blank space to complete the word.
- p’u (tth’, tth')tun
Correct
p’utth’tun is correct!
Meaning: “needle”
Incorrect
Correct answer: p’utth’tun
Meaning: “needle”
-
Question 11 of 13
11. Question
Listening Exercise
Listen, then determine if the word is written with a tth’ or ts’. Write your answer in the blank space to complete the word.
- lulu (ts’, ts')
Correct
luluts’ is correct!
Meaning: “yellow”
Incorrect
Correct answer: luluts’
Meaning: “yellow”
-
Question 12 of 13
12. Question
Listening Exercise
Listen, then determine if the word is written with a tth’ or ts’. Write your answer in the blank space to complete the word.
- nu (ts’, ts')a’
Correct
nuts’a’ is correct!
Meaning: “one”
Incorrect
Correct answer: nuts’a’
Meaning: “one”
-
Question 13 of 13
13. Question
Listening Exercise
Listen, then determine if the word is written with a tth’ or ts’. Write your answer in the blank space to complete the word.
- (tth’, tth')uxtth’ux
Correct
tth’uxtth’ux is correct!
Meaning: “stinging nettles”
Incorrect
Correct answer: tth’uxtth’ux
Meaning: “stinging nettles”
Quiz: Listening Practice – s, tth’ and th
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Multiple choice
This quiz is composed of 13 multiple choice questions. Listen, then select the word matching what is spoken.
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Question 1 of 13
1. Question
Listen to the audio, then determine which word is being spoken. Pay special attention to the spelling.
Correct
tth’ustun is correct!
Meaning: “nail”
Incorrect
Correct answer: tth’ustun
Meaning: “nail”
-
Question 2 of 13
2. Question
Listen to the audio, then determine which word is being spoken. Pay special attention to the spelling.
Correct
’etth’ut is correct!
Meaning: “to wipe it”
Incorrect
Correct answer: ’etth’ut
Meaning: “to wipe it”
-
Question 3 of 13
3. Question
Listen to the audio, then determine which word is being spoken. Pay special attention to the spelling.
Correct
tth’a’kwus is correct!
Meaning: “seven”
Incorrect
Correct answer: tth’a’kwus
Meaning: “seven”
-
Question 4 of 13
4. Question
Listen to the audio, then determine which word is being spoken. Pay special attention to the spelling.
Correct
hetth’um is correct!
Meaning: “to breathe”
Incorrect
Correct answer: hetth’um
Meaning: “to breathe”
-
Question 5 of 13
5. Question
Listen to the audio, then determine which word is being spoken. Pay special attention to the spelling.
Correct
stth’aqwi’ is correct!
Meaning: “spring salmon”
Incorrect
Correct answer: stth’aqwi’
Meaning: “spring salmon”
-
Question 6 of 13
6. Question
Listen to the audio, then determine which word is being spoken. Pay special attention to the spelling.
Correct
tth’iqt is correct!
Meaning: “woodpecker”
Incorrect
Correct answer: tth’iqt
Meaning: “woodpecker”
-
Question 7 of 13
7. Question
Listen to the audio, then determine which word is being spoken. Pay special attention to the spelling.
Correct
thi is correct!
Meaning: “big”
Incorrect
Correct answer: thi
Meaning: “big”
-
Question 8 of 13
8. Question
Listen to the audio, then determine which word is being spoken. Pay special attention to the spelling.
Correct
thamun is correct!
Meaning: “eyebrow”
Incorrect
Correct answer: thamun
Meaning: “eyebrow”
-
Question 9 of 13
9. Question
Listen to the audio, then determine which word is being spoken. Pay special attention to the spelling.
Correct
thathun is correct!
Meaning: “mouth”
Incorrect
Correct answer: thathun
Meaning: “mouth”
-
Question 10 of 13
10. Question
Listen to the audio, then determine which word is being spoken. Pay special attention to the spelling.
Correct
smuyuth is correct!
Meaning: “deer”
Incorrect
Correct answer: smuyuth
Meaning: “deer”
-
Question 11 of 13
11. Question
Listen to the audio, then determine which word is being spoken. Pay special attention to the spelling.
Correct
situn is correct!
Meaning: “basket”
Incorrect
Correct answer: situn
Meaning: “basket”
-
Question 12 of 13
12. Question
Listen to the audio, then determine which word is being spoken. Pay special attention to the spelling.
Correct
sil is correct!
Meaning: “cloth”
Incorrect
Correct answer: sil
Meaning: “cloth”
-
Question 13 of 13
13. Question
Listen to the audio, then determine which word is being spoken. Pay special attention to the spelling.
Correct
hesum is correct!
Meaning: “to sneeze”
Incorrect
Correct answer: hesum
Meaning: “to sneeze”
tl’
This letter combination stands for what speakers of Hul’q’umi’num’ know as the first sound of the word tl’up “deep”. This sound begins with the tongue in the position of the sound t’ and it then releases into an l. It is similar to the clicking sound some people make when calling a horse, but you blow the air out through the sides of the tongue. Practice pronouncing the words that follow.
‘to be enough’ | |
‘to jump’ | |
‘salty’ | |
‘to go down’ | |
‘stingy’ | |
‘smoke’ | |
‘to rub or massage it’ |
Quiz: Listening Practice – t’ and tl’
Quiz-summary
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Information
Listen, then fill in the missing sounds.
This quiz is composed of 10 fill-in-the-blank questions. Determine if the word is completed by a t’ or tl’.
You have already completed the quiz before. Hence you can not start it again.
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Question 1 of 10
1. Question
Listening Exercise
Listen, then determine if the word is written with a t’ or tl’. Write your answer in the blank space to complete the word.
- (tl’, tl')elhum
Correct
tl’elhum is correct!
Meaning: “salt”
Incorrect
Correct answer: tl’elhum
Meaning: “salt”
-
Question 2 of 10
2. Question
Listening Exercise
Listen, then determine if the word is written with a t’ or tl’. Write your answer in the blank space to complete the word.
- (tl’, tl')itl’up
Correct
tl’itl’up is correct!
Meaning: “down below”
Incorrect
Correct answer: tl’itl’up
Meaning: “down below”
-
Question 3 of 10
3. Question
Listening Exercise
Listen, then determine if the word is written with a t’ or tl’. Write your answer in the blank space to complete the word.
- (t’, t')itsum
Correct
t’itsum is correct!
Meaning: “to swim”
Incorrect
Correct answer: t’itsum
Meaning: “to swim”
-
Question 4 of 10
4. Question
Listening Exercise
Listen, then determine if the word is written with a t’ or tl’. Write your answer in the blank space to complete the word.
- (t’, t')ilum
Correct
t’ilum is correct!
Meaning: “to sing”
Incorrect
Correct answer: t’ilum
Meaning: “to sing”
-
Question 5 of 10
5. Question
Listening Exercise
Listen, then determine if the word is written with a t’ or tl’. Write your answer in the blank space to complete the word.
- (tl’, tl')eqt
Correct
tl’eqt is correct!
Meaning: “long”
Incorrect
Correct answer: tl’eqt
Meaning: “long”
-
Question 6 of 10
6. Question
Listening Exercise
Listen, then determine if the word is written with a t’ or tl’. Write your answer in the blank space to complete the word.
- (t’, t')xum
Correct
t’xum is correct!
Meaning: “six”
Incorrect
Correct answer: t’xum
Meaning: “six”
-
Question 7 of 10
7. Question
Listening Exercise
Listen, then determine if the word is written with a t’ or tl’. Write your answer in the blank space to complete the word.
- (tl’, tl')uxw
Correct
tl’uxw is correct!
Meaning: “to be hard”
Incorrect
Correct answer: tl’uxw
Meaning: “to be hard”
-
Question 8 of 10
8. Question
Listening Exercise
Listen, then determine if the word is written with a t’ or tl’. Write your answer in the blank space to complete the word.
- q’iya (tl’, tl')un’
Correct
q’iyatl’un’ is correct!
Meaning: “snail”
Incorrect
Correct answer: q’iyatl’un’
Meaning: “snail”
-
Question 9 of 10
9. Question
Listening Exercise
Listen, then determine if the word is written with a t’ or tl’. Write your answer in the blank space to complete the word.
- (tl’, tl')elhum qa’
Correct
tl’elhum qa’ is correct!
Meaning: “salt water”
Incorrect
Correct answer: tl’elhum qa’
Meaning: “salt water”
-
Question 10 of 10
10. Question
Listening Exercise
Listen, then determine if the word is written with a t’ or tl’. Write your answer in the blank space to complete the word.
- (t’, t')amun
Correct
t’amun is correct!
Meaning: “wall”
Incorrect
Correct answer: t’amun
Meaning: “wall”
Quiz: Listening Practice – t, tl’, lh, t’
Quiz-summary
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Information
Multiple choice
This quiz is composed of 15 multiple choice questions. Listen, then select the word matching what is spoken.
You have already completed the quiz before. Hence you can not start it again.
Quiz is loading...
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Question 1 of 15
1. Question
Listen to the audio, then determine which word is being spoken. Pay special attention to the spelling.
Correct
temut is correct!
Meaning: “to yell”
Incorrect
Correct answer: temut
Meaning: “to yell”
-
Question 2 of 15
2. Question
Listen to the audio, then determine which word is being spoken. Pay special attention to the spelling.
Correct
stekun is correct!
Meaning: “stocking”
Incorrect
Correct answer: stekun
Meaning: “stocking”
-
Question 3 of 15
3. Question
Listen to the audio, then determine which word is being spoken. Pay special attention to the spelling.
Correct
slhewun is correct!
Meaning: “sleeping mat”
Incorrect
Correct answer: slhewun
Meaning: “sleeping mat”
-
Question 4 of 15
4. Question
Listen to the audio, then determine which word is being spoken. Pay special attention to the spelling.
Correct
lhultun is correct!
Meaning: “bailer”
Incorrect
Correct answer: lhultun
Meaning: “bailer”
-
Question 5 of 15
5. Question
Listen to the audio, then determine which word is being spoken. Pay special attention to the spelling.
Correct
tumulh is correct!
Meaning: “red ochre”
Incorrect
Correct answer: tumulh
Meaning: “red ochre”
-
Question 6 of 15
6. Question
Listen to the audio, then determine which word is being spoken. Pay special attention to the spelling.
Correct
shitum is correct!
Meaning: “to wish for”
Incorrect
Correct answer: shitum
Meaning: “to wish for”
-
Question 7 of 15
7. Question
Listen to the audio, then determine which word is being spoken. Pay special attention to the spelling.
Correct
slhewut’ is correct!
Meaning: “herring”
Incorrect
Correct answer: slhewut’
Meaning: “herring”
-
Question 8 of 15
8. Question
Listen to the audio, then determine which word is being spoken. Pay special attention to the spelling.
Correct
st’ilum is correct!
Meaning: “song”
Incorrect
Correct answer: st’ilum
Meaning: “song”
-
Question 9 of 15
9. Question
Listen to the audio, then determine which word is being spoken. Pay special attention to the spelling.
Correct
stl’ula’um is correct!
Meaning: “cockle”
Incorrect
Correct answer: stl’ula’um
Meaning: “cockle”
-
Question 10 of 15
10. Question
Listen to the audio, then determine which word is being spoken. Pay special attention to the spelling.
Correct
stl’eluqum is correct!
Meaning: “fierce thing”
Incorrect
Correct answer: stl’eluqum
Meaning: “fierce thing”
-
Question 11 of 15
11. Question
Listen to the audio, then determine which word is being spoken. Pay special attention to the spelling.
Correct
stl’eshun’ is correct!
Meaning: “feast, party”
Incorrect
Correct answer: stl’eshun’
Meaning: “feast, party“
-
Question 12 of 15
12. Question
Listen to the audio, then determine which word is being spoken. Pay special attention to the spelling.
Correct
tl’elhum is correct!
Meaning: “salt”
Incorrect
Correct answer: tl’elhum
Meaning: “salt”
-
Question 13 of 15
13. Question
Listen to the audio, then determine which word is being spoken. Pay special attention to the spelling.
Correct
t’amun is correct!
Meaning: “wall”
Incorrect
Correct answer: t’amun
Meaning: “wall”
-
Question 14 of 15
14. Question
Listen to the audio, then determine which word is being spoken. Pay special attention to the spelling.
Correct
t’xum is correct!
Meaning: “six”
Incorrect
Correct answer: t’xum
Meaning: “six”
-
Question 15 of 15
15. Question
Listen to the audio, then determine which word is being spoken. Pay special attention to the spelling.
Correct
sq’eetl’ is correct!
Meaning: “river otter”
Incorrect
Correct answer: sq’eetl’
Meaning: “river otter“
ch’
We use ch’ to represent the glottalized version of ch. This is a very rare sound, appearing in only a handful of words.
‘frying pan’ |