Glottalized Resonants: l’, m’, n’, w’, y’
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Glottalized Resonants
Besides the glottalized stops and affricates mentioned in the previous units, Hul’q’umi’num’ also has glottalized resonants: l’, m’, n’, w’ and y’. The glottal and the resonant do not really sound like they are made at the same time. Instead they sound like a resonant and a glottal stop made in a sequence. Sometimes the resonant comes first followed by the glottal stop and sometimes the glottal stop comes first followed by the resonant. This depends upon the neighboring sounds in the word, as detailed below.
End of the word
If the glottalized sound appears at the end of the word, you will hear it as a sequence of resonant + glottal stop. The sound is abruptly cut short by the glottal stop. Sometimes you will hear a little puff of air that sounds like a sigh when the glottal stop is released.
‘raven’ | |
‘house’ | |
‘weak’ |
In contrast, if the word ends in a plain resonant, you will not hear the abrupt ending or the glottal release.
plain glottalized
‘speech’ | ‘raven’ | ||
‘knee’ | ‘eye’ | ||
‘father’ | ‘weak’ | ||
‘to call out’ | ‘winter wren’ |
Followed by a consonant
Also, if the glottalized resonant is followed by a consonant, it will be pronounced as a resonant followed by a glottal stop.
‘high ground’ | |
‘to forget’ |
In some words, a plain resonant follows the glottalized resonant, for example:
‘lazy’ | |
‘to hunt’ |
Between Vowels
If the glottalized resonant is between vowels, you will hear a sequence of consonants. It will sound different depending on the vowel that comes before and after the glottalized resonant. If the vowel before is u you will hear the glottalized resonant as a sequence of resonant + glottal stop, for example in the word mun’u “child”. On the other hand, if some other vowel (a, i, e, ou) comes before the glottalized resonant, you will hear it as glottal stop + resonant, for example, in the word sta’lus “spouse”.
Between Vowels
‘child’ | |
‘to write’ | |
‘leg, foot’ | |
‘spouse’ | |
‘rope, thread’ | |
‘to hang clothes’ |
A plain consonant in the middle of the word sounds different from a glottalized one because you will hear no interruption.
plain glottalized
‘money’ | ‘spouse’ | ||
‘walk’ | ‘walking’ | ||
‘knee’ | ‘to hang clothes’ | ||
‘no, not’ | ‘to go on a trip’ | ||
‘limpet, China hat’ | ‘to write’ |
The sounds l’, m’, n’, w’ and y’ do not usually appear at the beginning of the word. One example is m’i “come”.
Pronunciation Practice
Listen to the words and repeat them after the teacher.
l’
‘high ground’ | |
‘to forget’ | |
‘cranberry’ | |
‘raven’ | |
‘to play cards’ | |
‘grandparent’ | |
‘maybe, perhaps’ |
Listening Practice: l and l’
Listen to the words. Do you hear l or l’? Look at the Hul’q’umi’num’ spelling to the right to check your hearing.
sta’lus | |
mul’qw | |
hilum | |
q’a’tul | |
sluhel’ | |
sq’umul’ | |
xul’um |
Pronunciation Practice
Listen to the words and repeat them after the teacher.
m’
‘house’ | |
‘why’ | |
‘go’ | |
‘eye’ | |
‘to be at home’ | |
‘bone’ | |
‘rope’ | |
‘thimbleberry’ | |
‘gooseberry’ | |
‘strong’ | |
‘aunt, uncle’ | |
‘February’ | |
‘band-tailed pigeon’ |
Listening Practice: m and m’
Listen to the words. Do you hear m or m’? Look at the Hul’q’umi’num’ spelling to the right to check your hearing.
lelum’ | |
lutem | |
xwi’lum’ | |
hilum | |
lumutou | |
t’em’xw | |
t’uqw’um’ | |
tl’elhum | |
stth’am’ | |
qtl’um |
Pronunciation Practice
Listen to the words and repeat them after the teacher.
n’
‘child’ | |
‘weak’ | |
‘to steal’ | |
‘leg, foot’ |
Listening Practice: n and n’
Listen to the words. Do you hear n or n’? Look at the Hul’q’umi’num’ spelling to the right to check your hearing.
situn | |
sxun’u | |
punut | |
’uhwiin’ |
Pronunciation Practice
Listen to the words and repeat them after the teacher.
w’
‘to flee’ | |
‘after, past’ | |
‘to hang clothes’ | |
‘inside’ | |
‘clever, adept’ | |
‘skin’ | |
‘arm, wing’ | |
‘new’ | |
‘beaver’ | |
‘Nanoose’ | |
‘bag lunch’ |
Listening Practice: w and w’
Listen to the words. Do you hear w or w’? Look at the Hul’q’umi’num’ spelling to the right to check your hearing.
sun’iw’ | |
q’i’wut | |
stiwun | |
ts’e’wi’ | |
yul’ew’ | |
sweem | |
’uwu | |
lhew’q’um’ |
Pronunciation Practice
Listen to the words and repeat them after the teacher.
y’
‘good’ | |
‘fire’ | |
‘log’ | |
‘dog’ | |
‘cedar tree’ |
Listening Practice: y and y’
Listen to the words. Do you hear y or y’? Look at the Hul’q’umi’num’ spelling to the right to check your hearing.
swuy’qe’ | |
qwlhey’shun | |
yaays | |
’iyus | |
siiye’yu | |
ts’sey’ | |
tsqway |
Listening Practice: Glottalization
Listen, then fill in the missing glottalization marks.
swiw’lus | |
lelum’ | |
hilum | |
xwi’lum’ | |
sun’iw’ | |
sqwumey’ | |
sq’ewum | |
sq’umul’ | |
stl’ula’um | |
t’eluw’ | |
shhwum’nikw | |
qulum’ | |
Hul’q’umi’num’ |
Quiz: Listening Practice – glottalized and plain resonants
Glottalized resonants
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Question 1 of 22
1. Question
Listen to the audio, then determine which word is being spoken. Pay special attention to the spelling.
Correct
mun’u is correct!
Meaning: “child”
Incorrect
Correct answer: mun’u
Meaning: “child”
-
Question 2 of 22
2. Question
Listen to the audio, then determine which word is being spoken. Pay special attention to the spelling.
Correct
xul’um is correct!
Meaning: “to write”
Incorrect
Correct answer: xul’um
Meaning: “to write”
-
Question 3 of 22
3. Question
Listen to the audio, then determine which word is being spoken. Pay special attention to the spelling.
Correct
sxun’u is correct!
Meaning: “leg, foot”
Incorrect
Correct answer: sxun’u
Meaning: “leg, foot”
-
Question 4 of 22
4. Question
Listen to the audio, then determine which word is being spoken. Pay special attention to the spelling.
Correct
sta’lus is correct!
Meaning: “spouse”
Incorrect
Correct answer: sta’lus
Meaning: “spouse”
-
Question 5 of 22
5. Question
Listen to the audio, then determine which word is being spoken. Pay special attention to the spelling.
Correct
xwi’lum’ is correct!
Meaning: “rope, thread”
Incorrect
Correct answer: xwi’lum’
Meaning: “rope, thread”
-
Question 6 of 22
6. Question
Listen to the audio, then determine which word is being spoken. Pay special attention to the spelling.
Correct
q’i’wut is correct!
Meaning: “to hang clothes”
Incorrect
Correct answer: q’i’wut
Meaning: “to hang clothes”
-
Question 7 of 22
7. Question
Listen to the audio, then determine which word is being spoken. Pay special attention to the spelling.
Correct
tsa’luqw is correct!
Meaning: “high ground”
Incorrect
Correct answer: tsa’luqw
Meaning: “high ground”
-
Question 8 of 22
8. Question
Listen to the audio, then determine which word is being spoken. Pay special attention to the spelling.
Correct
mel’q is correct!
Meaning: “to forget”
Incorrect
Correct answer: mel’q
Meaning: “to forget”
-
Question 9 of 22
9. Question
Listen to the audio, then determine which word is being spoken. Pay special attention to the spelling.
Correct
qwumtsal’s is correct!
Meaning: “cranberry”
Incorrect
Correct answer: qwumtsal’s
Meaning: “cranberry”
-
Question 10 of 22
10. Question
Listen to the audio, then determine which word is being spoken. Pay special attention to the spelling.
Correct
wa’lu is correct!
Meaning: “maybe, perhaps”
Incorrect
Correct answer: wa’lu
Meaning: “maybe, perhaps”
-
Question 11 of 22
11. Question
Listen to the audio, then determine which word is being spoken. Pay special attention to the spelling.
Correct
’a’mut is correct!
Meaning: “to be at home”
Incorrect
Correct answer: ’a’mut
Meaning: “to be at home”
-
Question 12 of 22
12. Question
Listen to the audio, then determine which word is being spoken. Pay special attention to the spelling.
Correct
t’em’xw is correct!
Meaning: “gooseberry”
Incorrect
Correct answer: t’em’xw
Meaning: “gooseberry”
-
Question 13 of 22
13. Question
Listen to the audio, then determine which word is being spoken. Pay special attention to the spelling.
Correct
kw’am’kw’um’ is correct!
Meaning: “strong”
Incorrect
Correct answer: kw’am’kw’um’
Meaning: “strong”
-
Question 14 of 22
14. Question
Listen to the audio, then determine which word is being spoken. Pay special attention to the spelling.
Correct
mim’ne’ is correct!
Meaning: “February”
Incorrect
Correct answer: mim’ne’
Meaning: “February”
-
Question 15 of 22
15. Question
Listen to the audio, then determine which word is being spoken. Pay special attention to the spelling.
Correct
hum’a’ is correct!
Meaning: “band-tailed pigeon”
Incorrect
Correct answer: hum’a’
Meaning: “band-tailed pigeon”
-
Question 16 of 22
16. Question
Listen to the audio, then determine which word is being spoken. Pay special attention to the spelling.
Correct
yul’ew’ is correct!
Meaning: “after, past”
Incorrect
Correct answer: yul’ew’
Meaning: “after, past”
-
Question 17 of 22
17. Question
Listen to the audio, then determine which word is being spoken. Pay special attention to the spelling.
Correct
sun’iw’ is correct!
Meaning: “inside”
Incorrect
Correct answer: sun’iw’
Meaning: “inside”
-
Question 18 of 22
18. Question
Listen to the audio, then determine which word is being spoken. Pay special attention to the spelling.
Correct
stsuw’et is correct!
Meaning: “clever, adept”
Incorrect
Correct answer: stsuw’et
Meaning: “clever, adept”
-
Question 19 of 22
19. Question
Listen to the audio, then determine which word is being spoken. Pay special attention to the spelling.
Correct
xew’s is correct!
Meaning: “new”
Incorrect
Correct answer: xew’s
Meaning: “new”
-
Question 20 of 22
20. Question
Listen to the audio, then determine which word is being spoken. Pay special attention to the spelling.
Correct
se’wun is correct!
Meaning: “bag lunch”
Incorrect
Correct answer: se’wun
Meaning: “bag lunch”
-
Question 21 of 22
21. Question
Listen to the audio, then determine which word is being spoken. Pay special attention to the spelling.
Correct
huy’qw is correct!
Meaning: “fire”
Incorrect
Correct answer: huy’qw
Meaning: “fire”
-
Question 22 of 22
22. Question
Listen to the audio, then determine which word is being spoken. Pay special attention to the spelling.
Correct
qwlhey’shun is correct!
Meaning: “shoe”
Incorrect
Correct answer: qwlhey’shun
Meaning: “shoe”